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Ptosis

What is Ptosis?

Ptosis is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops lower than normal. It may affect one eye or both eyes. In mild cases, ptosis mainly affects appearance. In severe cases, the drooping eyelid may partially or completely cover the pupil and interfere with vision.

Ptosis can be present at birth or develop later in life.

The upper eyelid is lifted by a muscle called the levator muscle. When this muscle becomes weak, stretched, or does not work properly, the eyelid droops, causing ptosis.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Drooping of upper eyelids
  • Decreased or impaired vision
  • Tiredness around the eyes
  • Cosmetic concerns about appearance

Types of Ptosis

  • Congenital Ptosis: Present since birth due to poor development of the eyelid-lifting muscle.
  • Acquired Ptosis: Develops later in life due to aging, injury, surgery, or medical conditions.
  • Neurogenic Ptosis: Caused by problems affecting the nerves that control the eyelid muscles.
  • Myogenic Ptosis: Caused by diseases affecting the eyelid muscles themselves.
  • Mechanical Ptosis: Occurs when the eyelid becomes heavy because of a swelling or tumor

Ptosis may occur due to:

  • Weakening of the eyelid muscle
  • Eye injury or previous eye surgery
  • Nerve disorders
  • Muscle disorders such as myasthenia gravis
  • Eyelid swelling or tumours

How is Ptosis Diagnosed?

  • Detailed eye examination
  • Measurement of eyelid position
  • Assessment of eyelid muscle function
  • Vision assessment
  • Eye movement examination

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of ptosis.

  • Observation
  • Mild cases that do not affect vision may only require regular follow-up.
  • Glasses and Supportive Measures
  • Treatment of Underlying Conditions
  • Ptosis Surgery

Benefits of Treatment

  • Improve vision
  • Increase the field of view
  • Reduce forehead strain
  • Improve appearance and facial symmetry
  • Enhance quality of life
  • Prevent vision problems in children

Consult an eye specialist if:

  • The eyelid covers part of the pupil
  • Vision is affected
  • The ptosis develops suddenly
  • There is associated double vision
  • There is weakness of the face or body
  • A child is born with a drooping eyelid

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